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            which  can  be  referenced  to  the  PQF,  is  to  organise  the  qualifications  and
            competences of a given industry, thus enabling a better understanding and
            comparability  of  its  qualifications  and  creating  better  conditions  for

            occupational mobility, both locally and internationally. They also provide both
            employers and employees with an intentional and individualized approach to
            career development.


              EQF levels    PQF levels
                  1             1        General elementary education
                  2             2        General post-elementary education
                  3             3        Lower vocational education
                  4             4        General secondary education

                  5             5        “Empty level” – debate on the full qualification of the
                                         level continued
                  6             6        Higher education: BA, engineer
                  7             7        Higher education: MA, post diploma non-degree
                                         programmes

                  8             8        Higher education: PhD
            Graph 1: Structure of the PQF compared to the EQF. Source: Krajowe Ramy Kwalifikacji


            Portugal

            Portugal  took  the  decision  to  adopt  the  eight  EQF  levels  and  the  EQF  level
            descriptors  in  setting  up  the  comprehensive  NQF.  Aiming  to  integrate  and
            coordinate  qualifications  from  all  education  and  training  subsystems  into  a
            single framework, to aid the recognition of non-formal and informal learning, to
            improve  transparency  and  comparability  of  qualifications  and  to  facilitate

            double certification, the NQF is believed to have reduced barriers between the
            different subsystems.

                                                                                      QNQ        EQF LEVEL
             Qualification Type
                                                                                      LEVEL
             Second cycle of basic education                                             1           1
             Third cycle of basic education                                              2           2
             Third cycle of basic education and professional certification
             Secondary education to proceed to higher education studies                  3           3
             Secondary education and professional certification
             Secondary education and professional internship; minimum six                4           4

             months




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